The Renner-Brenner Site Park

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carbon dates
Carbon Dates
Non  calibrated and adjusted Radiocarbon Dates for 23PL1--from the actual site. 

A.D. 687 +/- 250 (M-456), from four pits from Shippee and Chapman [Crane and Griffin 1958: 1119]
Adjusted date: 769 AD (Adair, 2020)

A.D. 438 +/- 200 (M-573), village debris, from Roedl and Howard [Crane and Griffin 1959: 180]
Adjusted date: 506 AD (Adair, 2020)

A.D. 108 +/- 200 (M-571), village debris,from Roedl and Howard [Crane and Griffin 1959:180]
Adjusted date: 160 AD (Adair, 2020)

A.D. 8 +/- 250 (M-572), village debris,from Roedl and Howard [Crane and Griffin 1959:180]
Adjusted date: 36 AD (Adair, 2020)

A.D. 437 [unknown]

A.D. 141 (6-10a) nutshell from SCI (Wang, 2011)
Adjusted date: 146 AD (Adair, 2020)

A.D. 331 (3-11) nutshell from SCI (Wang, 2011)
Adjusted date: 362 AD (Adair, 2020)

B.C. 40  (18-12D) charcoal from SCI (Wang, 2011)

These formerly published dates have recently been found to have been done in a lab that wasn't properly calibrated and are of no use.

70 B. C. +/- 100 (Gak 702), pottery

A.D. 108 +/- 100 (Gak 702) pottery

A.D. 438 +/- 100 (Gak 702] pottery

A.D. 687 +/- 100 (Gak 702] pottery

A.D 100 +/- 90 (Gak1166), pottery
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MOUNDS
Non calibrated dates and adjusted dates for burial mounds believed to be 23PL29.  

A.D. 490  +/- 150  (Crane and Griffin, M-399)
Adjusted date (Adair: 2020)  523 AD

A.D.  300  +/- 150  (Crane and Griffin, M-400)
Adjusted date (Adair: 2020) 369 AD

The carbon dates (with variables) range from 250 BC to 937 AD, where the average of all the above is 308 AD.  Other readings from nearby similar sites show 750 BC to 750 AD as an average.  It's also important to note in the area artifacts have been found that range from the Nebo Hill  and before through the Woodland culture into the Mississippian Culture.

Using only Adair's adjusted dates, the average date increases to 358 AD
This chart is a graph of all 15 dates where +/- 155 was used where not provided.  The numbers 1-50 on the left of the graph represent the number of times the dates overlapped.  Dates after 700 are considered non Hopewell. 

The dates of 490 and 300 were from the Keller earth mounds.  

The chart implies the site was occupied by 70 B.C. and experienced it's first height at 100 A.D.  The climax of the Ohio Hopewell occurred between 250 and 350 A.D., but Renner was experiencing some issue, possibly weather related  [see below}  where their appears to be a temporary collapse at 225.  Then a second wave appears where that height peaked at 475 A.D., or nearly 100 years after the so-called Hopewell phase.  This was due to the distance away from the main group in Ohio.  By the time the Renner site reached it's second peak, the Ohio Hopewell culture had already collapsed.  

The third wave is considered by archaeologists to be too late for the KC Hopewell, yet these dates are from the Roedl and Howard excavation at a level of 18-24" deep- or well within the group model.  I believe the carbon date model shows clearly the KC Hopewell maintained and/or transitioned with others until at least 750 AD. 

This chart shows radiocarbon dates with the +/- variances for Renner, Diester and Trowbridge with 20 dates and adjusted dates by Mary Adair (2012; Plains Anthropologist).  It shows a possible peak about 160 AD and a second about 320 AD.

The second graph is all the published dates from forty sites in the six county area.

CLIMATE ISSUES
Alfred E. Johnson, (1972 p.11)
University of Kansas

The carbon date above shows a clear absence of dates between 200 and 300 AD.  Dr. Johnson address this. 
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